| |
| |
|
Investing Information |
|
|
|
Profitability And Stock Turn Rate
The inventory of the typical store represents the largest single element of its total assets. The sale of goods from this inventory is the merchant's chief source of operating profit. Thus, the way in which this merchandise investment is put to work is of utmost importance in achieving a profitable operation. To illustrate, a retailer may carry an average retail inventory of $200,000, with sales of $400,000, resulting in a 2.0 Stock Turn Rate. If this retailer had the same $400,000 sales but a 3.0 Stock Turn Rate, the average retail inventory would be $133,300. This is a difference of $66,700 at retail or approximately $32,000 at cost. The cost of owning excess inventory is approximately 2½% per month, or 30% per year. This is due to increased expenses such as interest, insurance, buying expense, receiving department expense, property taxes, markdowns and shrinkage. Therefore, a retailer can reduce these expenses by reducing his average inventory level. In the example above, the annual savings would be approximately $10,000 ($32,000 times 30%). All other things being equal, a higher stock turn rate tends to lead to higher sales and a higher profit, which should be an essential goal of every merchant. I will discuss this more later, but first we must have a good understanding of what Stock Turn Rate is and how it is to be computed. WHAT IS STOCK TURN RATE? Stock Turn Rate can be computed using units, cost dollars or retail dollars. For comparative purposes, it is desirable that the Stock Turn Rate calculation be standard. We advocate retail, which is the generally accepted method in the retail industry. Stock Turn Rate is the ratio of sales to average inventory. It is computed as follows:Stock Turn Rate = Total Annual Sales divided by Average Inventory at Retail Example A Example B COMPUTING AVERAGE INVENTORY The chief problem in computing Stock Turn Rate is to determine the average stock carried during the period. This can be a problem since there are so many variations in use. The chief methods are: 1. Average of the inventory at the beginning and end of year. 2. Average of inventory at the beginning, middle and end of year. 3. Average of monthly inventory levels. The standard is to use the average of the monthly inventory levels which is computed as follows: Inventory at the beginning of the year plus the inventory at the end of each month, divided by thirteen. WHAT STOCK TURN RATE IS NOT While Stock Turn Rate is the ratio of sales to average stock, it is not the actual number of times a physical stock of goods is bought and sold during a period. A simplified example follows: A retailer purchases a 4-month supply of socks, a staple item, and does not restock until the old stock is completely sold out. During the year, three purchases, each $4,0000 are made and three lots are sold, for a total of $12,000 but the Stock Turn Rate is not three. The average stock is about a 2-month supply, since four month's supply is on hand only at the start of each 4-month period and virtually none is on hand at the end of each 4-month period. THus the average stock is about half the amount received each 4-month period, or $2,000. This results in a Stock Turn Rate of approximately six, and a lot of lost sales due to having such a low supply on hand during much of the year. WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF STOCK TURN RATE? The Stock Turn Rate ratio measures the effectiveness of inventory planning control. A Stock Turn Rate that is too low indicates poor planning and lack of control. A classification having a very low Stock Turn Rate usually will not be achieving its sales potential due to having too much old merchandise in stock and too little new, fresh merchandise. It is also likely to have higher than normal markdowns, thereby reducing Gross Profit. Stock Turn Rate can also be used to calculate the proper beginning-of-month inventory level for each classification on the Open-To-Buy. ADVANTAGES OF A FAST STOCK TURN RATE In retailing it is important to realize a large volume of sales on as small an inventory investment as possible while maintaining sufficient inventory to meet customer demands. Also, it is important, as fashions and seasons change, to turn the inventory quickly so as to avoid excessive markdowns or carryover of out-of-season inventory. Another advantage is that a fast Stock Turn Rate will actually increase sales due to the increased flow of fresh new merchandise. LIMITATIONS OF A FAST STOCK TURN RATE While a fast Stock Turn Rate has many advantages, the Stock Turn Rate can be too fast for a particular classification. When that happens the store risks losing sales due to inadequate assortments. WHAT CAN BE DONE TO IMPROVE STOCK TURN RATE? From a study of the basic Stock Turn Rate formula, it is clear that there are three ways to increase Stock Turn Rate: 1. Increase sales without increasing the average stock assortment. The approach used depends on the circumstances. Probably the surest way to increase Stock Turn Rate over a period of time, is to increase sales volume without a proportionate increase in inventory levels. However, since a retailer has greater control over his inventory than over his sales, this should be where attention should be given first. THe first step to increasing Stock Turn Rate and sales, incidentally, is the preparation of an Open-To-Buy. This should be based upon planned sales, planned markdowns and planned Stock Turn Rate. Once the Open-To-Buy has been prepared, the retailer can turn his attention to taking the necessary steps to reduce the actual inventory on hand to bring it in line with the planned inventory on the Open-To-Buy. A few suggestions on how to do this follow: 1. Buy more frequently, in smaller quantities. 2. Reduce number of assortments (vendors, styles, colors, sizes, prices). 3. Eliminate slow-selling merchandise. 4. Buy closer to the selling season. SUMMARY Stock Turn Rate is an important ratio used to measure the effectiveness of merchandise planning and control. Its two most important uses are in Open-To-Buy planning and then in measuring performance against this plan. Most retailers I see that are having problems achieving adequate profits have a poor Stock Turn Rate due to lack of planning, which results in overbuying, excessive markdowns and a low Gross Margin. This article was written by Linda Carter, President of The Retail Management Advisors, a retail consulting firm whose mission is to help independent retailers survive and thrive. Linda can be reached at 1-877-206-1299 or l.carter@the-retail-advisor.com. Our web site is http://www.the-retail-advisor.com You can reprint this article as long as the above information is included.
MORE RESOURCES:
Investing - Google News |
|
|
|
RELATED ARTICLES
Why You Need To Buy and Sell Gold Coins (Part 1) The Value of Gold in a Era of Paper Assets, Stocks, Bonds and Mutual Funds.. Dont Catch a Falling Knife One of the most common mistakes made by inexperienced investors is trying to "catch a falling knife". This is the phrase used to describe the habit of buying stocks that are in "freefall", and is a poor strategy, albeit common among new investors. How to Buy to Let Find out everything you need to know about buy to let. Learn what to buy, where to buy and what not to buy. Is Starting A Business For Me? What To Consider Before Starting A Business Do you have the right temperament?Starting a small business is one of the most serious decisions that a person can take in life. Positively, it often results in higher income levels than one could achieve as an employee together with the unique buzz of being your own boss but conversely it also can be stressful, will demand longer working hours and will probably reduce your ability to take long holidays. Trading For A Living - Part 2 In part 1 of this article I started to look at the financial implications of giving up the day job to instead start trading full time for a living. There are more than just monetary considerations as we will see later, but for now, there are some more costs to ponder. The Demise of Buy & Hold Based on consistent results I think Buy & Hold should be renamed Buy, Hold & Bye-Bye. It sounded great for a while, especially for the huge majority of investors who don't have the time or interest in really doing due diligence on investments. How to Invest Your Money Think carefully on how to invest your money because if you make wrong decisions it could cost you dearly. There are many ways in which to invest your money and as such seeking the advice of a professional would be a very wise move. Just Say NO to Your Stock Broker We have all heard that slogan that started back when Nancy Reagan was in Washington. It was all about drugs. Do You Need A Financial Planner? No matter how much money you make, it pays to keep on top of money coming in and going out. Even if you do a good job of that, there are important times in your life when talking with a professional adviser makes sense. Critical Investors Business Daily Responsibilities - If not Followed Could Cost You Millions! When thinking about the investors business daily responsibilities in today’s market environment, the best remedy for this situation is for you to get more involved in your own investing decisions.The problem is that most individual investors do not have the knowledge, resources, or time to spend doing their own research, stock selection, execution, and position management. Delist My Corporation Please It use to be said that once a company was de-listed from the NASDAQ it was the kiss of death, not so any more. With Sarbanes Oxley and all the insane reporting requirements it might save your company from incessant lawsuits from investors and the government regulators who are out to destroy free enterprise. How to Invest Overseas - Intelligently! In recent months, many advisors have talked a lot about the wisdom of investing overseas, but most have failed to really address the way to do that. For new investors, investing in the U. Success Trading: Yet More Basic Terminology for New Traders In this day and age of online brokers for virtually every market out there, there are some very useful tools that will help protect your account and lock in profits when you have them. It is our recommendation that you use a good online broker and take advantage of not only the low commissions they offer, but also the automated tools that are available. Commodities - The Next Big Wave of Fortune Building Have you often wished you could have got in on a tremendous money making opportunity before it took off? How would you feel if you had bought Microsoft stock when it first went public and your investment doubled 5 times? Imagine how rich you would be right now?I'm not saying you should be in Microsoft stock at this time. In fact Microsoft's stock has stayed in the $25 range for years now. College Savings Plans - Are They The Best Choice For My Child? College Savings Plans - are they the best choice for my child?College Savings Plans, also called Section 529 plans, are one of the best ways to save for college because they offer:- Tax advantages- A variety of investment options- Flexible contribution options- Parental control- Little impact on eligibility for need-based financial aidTax advantagesInvestments in 529 plans are usually exempt from federal taxes. Earnings are tax-deferred and are not subject to capital gains taxes. Straddle Strategies in Option Trading The straddle strategy is an option strategy that's based on buying both a call and put of a stock. Note that there are various forms of straddles, but we will only be covering the basic straddle strategy. Making Every Penny Count More and more workers are leaving their jobs and taking their 401 k retirement plan funds with them. While some are rolling their funds over into IRAs or other qualified plans; many are taking their distributions in cash. Out-Of-State Investors Check List of Questions The following lists of questions are suggested questions to ask before you plan to purchase residential real estate outside of your neighborhood.It's probably best to speak with at least three licensed real estate sales professionals and three property managers in the area. Emotions: A Traders Worst Enemy; Get Rid of Fear and Greed - Youll be Glad You Did You hear it over and over and over in books, forums, and chatrooms. Fear and greed, fear and greed, fear and greed. Learn How to Lose and Risk Management One of the leading traders on Chicago Mercantile Exchange, because of a single trade lost everything!For all of his years of experience and money, he had failed to master the most important concept in trading: Risk Management!Each trader seems to have his own unique way of identifying market opportunities. One buys a stock in the hopes of never having to sell it, while another might hold a position in the market for a day or even just a few hours.
|
